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This article uses both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to evaluate the national industrial relations systems of 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1993 to 2005. We adopt a plur...
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This article uses both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to evaluate the national industrial relations systems of 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1993 to 2005. We adopt a pluralistic view of industrial relations that gives equal weight to efficiency and equity, along with a general systems model consisting of input, process and output. We rank each country in terms of a combined score of efficiency and equity. We find that the 30 OECD countries can be separated into three distinct groups (high on both equity and efficiency; high on efficiency but low on equity; moderate on equity and low on efficiency), and that these groups exhibit considerable stability over time.
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This article proposes a direct approach for the prediction of inverter efficiency using MATLAB/Simulink, instead of an indirect loss calculation approach based on analytical models. In analytical approach, efficiency is obtained b...
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This article proposes a direct approach for the prediction of inverter efficiency using MATLAB/Simulink, instead of an indirect loss calculation approach based on analytical models. In analytical approach, efficiency is obtained by calculating individual losses separately, such as switching losses, conduction losses and harmonic losses using analytical models. However, this approach requires accurate analytical models and complicated calculations, due to the variation in the switching frequency, switching transient and modulation techniques. In the proposed approach, the actual waveform of the inverter system is directly generated using MATLAB/Simulink. The instantaneous voltage and current waveform including switching transients are generated. Thus, the proposed approach is very simple and convenient for efficiency prediction. The proposed approach also works for any system parameters or control methods, such as various pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques, different switching frequencies, switching devices and load types. The proposed approach can be adopted for the efficiency prediction of any switching strategies and any types of inverters such as neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverters, H bridge inverters and H5 topology, since the topologies are modelled as circuits in the MATLAB/Simulink program and no analytical model is required for the proposed approach. Furthermore, the proposed approach can provide operation techniques and conditions such as PWM techniques and switching frequency that offer high efficiency. In this article, inverter performance is evaluated for various PWM techniques and switching frequencies. The PWM technique and switching frequency that offer high efficiency is obtained. Finally, the proposed approach is verified by experimental results.
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The aleocharine subtribe Homalotina Heer represents one of the most diverse lineages of Staphylinidae. Despite its wide distribution and diversity, the phylogenetic relationships of the subtribe remain poorly understood. Here, we ...
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The aleocharine subtribe Homalotina Heer represents one of the most diverse lineages of Staphylinidae. Despite its wide distribution and diversity, the phylogenetic relationships of the subtribe remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first cladistic analysis of the Homalotina based on morphological data. The subtribe is hypothesized to be a monophyletic group consisting of seven genera (Anomognathus Solier, Cephaloxynum Bernhauer, Holisomimus Cameron, Homalota Mannerheim, Neomalota Cameron, Stenomastax Cameron, and Thecturota Casey). The dataset for phylogenetic analysis comprised 83 characters representing 245 character states derived from adult morphology. These data were analysed using equal weighting and implied weighting schemes (k = 1-6) and results support the monophyly of the subtribe based on two synapomorphic characters (complete postoccipital sutures on head, posterolateral margin of metacoxae with macrosetae) and three homoplastic characters (medial setae on prementum not extended to apex of ligula, medial setae on labium contiguous, posterolateral angle of elytron slightly sinuate). Generic relationships differ in each analysis within the Homalotina (EW, IW with k = 1, 2-4, 5-6) although there are some identical topologies among the IW trees. Clades A, B, C, D, H, J and G were resolved as monophyletic in all weighting regimes. The monophyly of the genera is relatively well supported except for the genera Homalota and Stenomastax. Homalota species were recovered in four independent clades (clade C, D, I, K) and the Stenomastax species were recovered in two independent lineages. Candidates for the possible new genera are discussed. We herein transfer Homalota flavomaculata Bernhauer to the genus Stenomastax, resulting in the new combination [Stenomastax flavomaculata (Bernhauer)]. Our preliminary character correlation tests using phylogenetic pairwise comparisons did not support the hypothesis of association between flattened body form, and subcortical habitat and anterior shift of antennal insertion in Homalotini.
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This paper proposes a new design concept of hybrid instrument for single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) and a new method of verification using a scaled-up prototype based on the principle of elastic similarity. The proposed conc...
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This paper proposes a new design concept of hybrid instrument for single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) and a new method of verification using a scaled-up prototype based on the principle of elastic similarity. The proposed concept is a hand-held instrument that uses a tendon-gear mechanism for dexterous movement of its end-effector and servomotors with flexible tendon-sheath transmission to maintain the dexterity by compensating the loss of output angle from tendon elongation during the manual operation. The kinematic relationship of the tendon-gear mechanism was derived mathematically, and the ratio of external moment to resistive flexural stiffness of the articulating joint was matched between the real-sized model and the large-scale prototype. Our scale model tests have shown good agreement between their input–output relationships under the equivalent loading conditions, and thus verified the validity of similarity analysis. Also, the proof-of-concept experiments have demonstrated the functionality of output loss compensation of the hybrid instrument. Our methodology can be used to simplify and speed up the prototype development process for SPLS by avoiding miniaturization challenges such as high precision manufacturing, which is costly and time-consuming.
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BACKGROUND: Maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume rendering technique that determines the pixel intensity as the maximum of all values sampled along the viewing direction. MIP has been successfully applied to diagnose bon...
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BACKGROUND: Maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume rendering technique that determines the pixel intensity as the maximum of all values sampled along the viewing direction. MIP has been successfully applied to diagnose bone fractures in computed tomography (CT) and the stenosis of vascular structures in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). However, MIP has a major drawback in that the depth and occlusion information cannot be perceived in the output images. The most universal way to alleviate this problem is to occasionally change the viewpoint for depth perception. To support this function in real time, MIP should be performed at an interactive frame rate.
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Decoherence due to the unwanted interaction between a quantum system and environment leads to the degradation of quantum coherence. In particular, for an entangled state, decoherence makes a loss of entanglement and Bell nonlocali...
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Decoherence due to the unwanted interaction between a quantum system and environment leads to the degradation of quantum coherence. In particular, for an entangled state, decoherence makes a loss of entanglement and Bell nonlocality known as entanglement sudden death (ESD), and Bell nonlocality sudden death (BNSD). Here, we theoretically investigate the entanglement and Bell nonlocality of a bipartite entangled state under three types of decoherence, amplitude damping, phase damping, and depolarizing. Our result provides the bound of decoherence strength that does not lose the entanglement and Bell nonlocality. In addition, we find two interesting features. One is that the entanglement can survive even though one of the entangled qubits is affected by a large strength of decoherence if the other qubit is affected by a small enough strength of decoherence except for the depolarizing. The second one is that when a specific form of entangled state is under amplitude damping, the Bell nonlocality shows an asymmetric behavior respect to the decoherence strengths on each qubit. Our work provides comprehensive information on ESD and BNSD for the bipartite entangled state which will be useful to implement quantum information processing in the presence of decoherence.
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Entanglement is an essential ingredient in current experimental implementations for quantum communication. Nevertheless, distributing the entangled states to distant users, in high quality, via widely installed fiber channels has ...
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Entanglement is an essential ingredient in current experimental implementations for quantum communication. Nevertheless, distributing the entangled states to distant users, in high quality, via widely installed fiber channels has been a daunting problem. Here, we report an experimental distribution of high-quality entangled qubits over long-distance fiber channels, especially by using time-bin mode due to its outstanding robustness in fiber-optic distributions. In particular, by employing actively operating feedback schemes, we clearly demonstrate that the time-bin entanglement can be reliably shared between two distant parties, each separated by up to 60 km in all fiber-based implementations; then, we prove the significance of our study in long-range, long-lasting quantum communication by showing a high value of two-photon interference visibilities and a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality.
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We report interferometric schemes to prepare arbitrary states of four-dimensional qudits (ququarts) based on biphoton states of ultrafast-pumped frequency-nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down conversion. Preparation and tomog...
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We report interferometric schemes to prepare arbitrary states of four-dimensional qudits (ququarts) based on biphoton states of ultrafast-pumped frequency-nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down conversion. Preparation and tomographic characterization of a few examples of general single-ququart states, a pure state, a mixed state (fully diagonal), and a mixed state (partially coherent), are experimentally demonstrated.
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We report interferometric schemes to prepare arbitrary states of four-dimensional qudits (ququarts) based on biphoton states of ultrafast-pumped frequency-nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down conversion. Preparation and tomog...
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We report interferometric schemes to prepare arbitrary states of four-dimensional qudits (ququarts) based on biphoton states of ultrafast-pumped frequency-nondegenerate spontaneous parametric down conversion. Preparation and tomographic characterization of a few examples of general single-ququart states, a pure state, a mixed state (fully diagonal), and a mixed state (partially coherent), are experimentally demonstrated.
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Objective: Particulate matter (PM), which contains organic compounds and toxic metals, is the major cause of air pollution. PM enters the body, causing various health problems. Although the effects of PM on the lower respiratory t...
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Objective: Particulate matter (PM), which contains organic compounds and toxic metals, is the major cause of air pollution. PM enters the body, causing various health problems. Although the effects of PM on the lower respiratory tract have been extensively investigated, the effects on the upper respiratory tract (including the nasal cavity) require further evaluation. To investigate the effect of fluticasone propionate (FP) on nasal fibroblasts exposed to UPM.
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